International Monetary Fund Essays - Economy,

Universal Monetary Fund - International Monetary Fund- Tending to Fundamental Economic Goals On an International Level The International Monetary Fund is a significant capacity that makes world exchange less arduous. The International Monetary Fund, or IMF as it is called, offers help and oversight to countries in all phases of financial advancement. Worldwide exchange is a key component to empower countries, enormous and little, to reinforce their financial positions. Bigger countries need the worldwide market to trade their merchandise and enterprises, and littler countries likewise need this world scale market to import items so they can create all the more effectively. So as to accomplish these objectives, one significant segment must be set up. The capacity to esteem other country's money. Consistently, a wide range of ways have been utilized to do this, generally finishing off with disappointment. There is no ideal method to precisely gauge the genuine estimation of another nation's money. The International Monetary Fund is a push to see every nation's financial position, offer recommendations, and give the principal monetary security that is fundamental to a flourishing (world) economy. A significant number of the household monetary objectives are repeated by the INF on a global level. To comprehend the current INF we will explore the occasions paving the way to its reality. Somewhere in the range of 1879 and 1934 significant countries utilized a strategy for worldwide trade known as the Gold Standard. The Gold Standard was essentially a fixed-rate framework. The rate was fixed to gold. All together for this framework to work appropriately three things needed to occur. To begin with, every country needed to characterize its cash to gold (this definition at that point couldn't change). Second, every country must than keep up a fixed relationship to its gracefully of cash and its measure of genuine gold. Third, the available gold must be permitted to be traded unreservedly between any countries all through the world. With those arrangements effectively set up, the trade paces of the partaking nations would then be fixed to gold, along these lines to one another. To effectively keep up this relationship a few changes must be produced using time to time. For instance, two nations An and B are doing universal business together and A purchases a greater amount of B's items than B purchases of A's. Presently B needs more of A's money to pay for the abundance items bought. B currently has what's known as an equalization of installment shortage. So as to address for this shortage the accompanying must happen; Actual gold should now be moved to A from B. This exchange completes two things. Initially, it lessens B's cash flexibly (a fixed proportion must be keep up between the real measure of gold, and the gracefully of cash) consequently bringing down B's spending, total pay, and total business, at last diminishing the interest for An's items. Second, A's cash flexibly is presently expanded, raising A's spending, total pay, and total business, at last raising the interest for B's items. These two occasions happen at the same time balancing out the conversion scale back to its balance. The Gold Standard served the world's economy very well until one appalling occasion occurred. The Great (around the world) Depression of the 1930's given the world another arrangement of issues to be managed, locally, however all through the whole world. The circumstance was awful, so awful that countries would successfully uncover themselves from underneath monetary catastrophe. Countries currently would disrupt the greatest guideline of the Gold Standard. Countries began to reclassify the estimation of there cash to gold. This demonstration of degrading, as it was called, disturbed the whole world's view of the relationship of every nation's monetary forms to there own. Trading frameworks were attempted, be that as it may, in the end the Gold Standard fizzled. After The Depression worldwide exchanging was injured. Another strategy for global money trade must be created. Numerous thoughts were tuned in to, however not until 1944 would another totally acknowledged strategy be received. During this year in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire a changed movable peg framework was shaped, notwithstanding this new inventive framework, the International Monetary Fund was shaped. For a long time the Bretton Woods movable peg framework functioned admirably. This framework turned out to be increasingly more reliant of the United States money's worth. Since from the initiation of the IMF in 1946 the

Business Competitive and General Environment free essay sample

Moreover, there are loads of substitute merchandise for G2000’s items where what's more spending of attire or garments just makes a little extent of most consumers’ all out use while the recurrence of purchasing garments is low. c. Aside from this, the turn of events and headway of innovation empowers shoppers to look at the value, quality and style of items without any problem. For instance, customers may check at the cost and style of results of G2000 and different brands, for example, Esprit, Zara and so forth before they visit to the outlet shops of G2000. They may choose whether need to purchase G2000’s items before they leave their home. (3) Bargaining Power of Suppliers a. Bartering intensity of providers is low as G2000 won’t rely upon single or two providers. G2000 has a great deal of providers and it has its own creator. All the providers and originators are from Hong Kong headquarter. In addition, it’s very simple for G2000 to change to different providers as the expense of exchanging isn't excessively costly. We will compose a custom exposition test on Business Competitive and General Environment or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page (4) Substitutes a. As G2000 is principle in selling formal clothing for office women or men, semi-formal clothing or easygoing wear may turn into the most compromise substitutes to G2000. Since semi-formal clothing become increasingly more famous among the workplace working gathering these days, shoppers may handily turn their taste and propensity on sorts of working clothing to be wore. For example, the brand Baleno and Giordano are presently presenting more semi-formal wear which may incite purchasers to change their style and change to spend on their items as opposed to purchasing G2000‘s formal clothing. (5) Rivalry a. Padini First settled in year 1971. Involves 8 locale brand and each brand speaks to various style reasoning. The eight sub-brands permit customers to have more alternatives on style and plan of clothing. The eight brands are PDI, Seed, PCo, Vincci, Mikki, Padini Authentics, Padini and Padini Concept Store. Furthermore, Padini likewise apply the ‘fashion’ idea in food industry. Padini has tapped cooperative energy among shopping and eating by setting up the Seed Cafe. The principal Seed Cafe was set up in June 2000 with its first outlet at One Utama. Such creative empowering Padini to spread its image more extensive to the customers and the bistro serves to fortify marking picture of Padini. On different hands, Padini as often as possible held clearances reasonable which permit purchasers to purchase its items at lower cost. The cost is as low as RM6. This will draw in more shoppers to buy its items and in this way grow the market. b. Crocodile First settled in late 1940’s. The brand has adequate capacity to contend with G2000 as it is a since a long time ago settled brand in clothing business sector and it might as of now have made brand-awareness to certain gathering of customers. Those specific clients won't effectively change to different brands, for example, G2000 on account of their unwaveringness to the Crocodile brand. PESTEL Analysis (1)Political Factors a. Territory China executed the ‘individual visit scheme’ starting in year 2003 so as to support more individuals from Mainland China to visit to southern area of the nation, for example, Hong Kong and Macau on singular premise. Preceding the beginning of this plan, individuals from Mainland China can just make visit to Hong Kong with business visa or participate in movement visits. With the execution of the plan, measure of guests who visit to Hong Kong is expanded radically in which 61. 1% of absolute Mainland China guests show up under the Individual Visit Scheme. Such magnification by implication increment the quantity of buyers visit and spend on G2000’s items. b. On different hands, Mainland China has additionally been executing ‘One Child Policy’ since year 1979. Subsequently, populace of China is controlled to forestall flood. Such arrangement upset the quantity of birth and this will influence business of G2000 in long haul as interest for G2000’s items should defy decay of interest later on schedule. (2) Economic Factors a. The financial development of China came about to a more noteworthy market in the style business. Since Hong Kong is a piece of Mainland China, such development will impact the turn of events and development of G2000 whose primary central station is in Hong Kong on the grounds that as the buying intensity of customers in China builds, the more the salary to purchase attire or different clothings. b. Swapping scale for China’s money gets ever more elevated and this may make sending out of G2000 items progressively troublesome as it might raise the cost of items as far as remote cash. For instance, the Yuan money gets more grounded and this may expand the cost of items when it is imported to Malaysia. . Swelling brought about by the transiently flood of oil cost will raise the transportation charges and subsequently expand the cost of item. This makes the selling cost of items higher and this may cause loss of certain gathering of buyers. d. Then again, ascent of cost of different products may likewise inspire higher compensation request from representatives. Consequently it will again raise the cost. For instance, if G2000 Limited chose to increment inexact HK$2,000(rm 200) a month for their alumni the executives students. e. Work cost in Hong Kong is moderately less expensive than different nations. For instance, the beginning compensations for bleeding edge sales reps is around HK$9,000(RM900) comprehensive of commission and recompenses while for youthful creators, the pay rates extending from HK$9,000(RM900) to HK$10,000(RM1000) every month. The greater part of the staff are straightforwardly enlisted from Hong Kong neighborhood organization of higher realizing who are new tertiary instruction graduates with no working experience. (3) Social Factors a. Advanced education level which cultivates progressively proficient individuals these days may build interest for formal clothing. This is on the grounds that the higher the instructive level, the more the individuals working in the workplace for their expert professions, for example, bookkeepers, planners, legal advisors and so forth. This is on the grounds that they may require wearing proper clothing and hence G2000’s items may get one of their alternatives. b. Developing populace of youngsters will expand the interest for most up to date inclines. This will grow the market of G2000’s items as the majority of the apparel configuration focus on individuals between the age of 20 and 40. (4) Technological Factors a. New innovation, for example, bar coding and PC helped configuration may upgrade the nature of items and lead to advancement and imagination. This will profit both the customers just as G2000. The bar coding framework permits G2000 to check for its stock precisely and quickly while it likewise comforts the selling procedure. PC helped configuration may likewise pull in more purchasers to spend on the design products. For instance, G2000 is one of the clients to Lectra Hong Kong Ltd which principle in rendering arrangement of PC supported structure (CAD). b. G2000 likewise presents the online application for work opening and establishment program. Such offices have made the application procedure become simpler and in this manner it might likewise spare the creation cost in light of the fact that there is less work cost and administrative work caused. This shows the benefits of improvement of data innovation. c. Moreover, G2000 distributes its list featuring new assortments of each season on its official site. This may encourage shoppers to scan and check for the most recent patterns by riding the web. This actualizes an elective strategy for giving data and administrations to customers by G2000. 5) Environmental Factors a. As Hong Kong experiencing four seasons per year, G2000 needs to plan and make distinctive style of items to provide food the interest of buyers in various seasons. For instance, the fundamental plan of G2000 is partitioned into two assortments, one is Spring/Summer assortment and the other one is Fall/Winter assortment. (6) Legal Law Factors a. The firm needs to go along and adhere to various guidelines when trading products to outside nations as various nations may have distinctive laws(mainly regarding religion). For instance, some of G2000 products’ plan which is attractive may not be permitted to be imported to some Muslim nations. b. The firm must know about the example right proprietorship and trademark encroachment. In year 2006, G2000 was sued by an offended party, Mr. Zhao Hua for abusing the enlisted trademark ‘2000’ for selling pieces of clothing and embellishments which were enrolled in year 1997 and were then moved to Mr. Zhao Hua in year 2005. G2000 was requested by court to pay a sum of 20 Million Yuan to the offended party for harms.

How to Cite a Meme

How to Cite a Meme (5) The meme is one of the funniest and weirdest trends to arise from digital images on the Internet. There are memes to make you laugh at almost anything, from funny cats to politicians to a successful kid. Though unconventional, if you choose cite a meme this guide can help! The best way to cite a meme is to use a citation structure similar to what you would use for citing a digital image. Memes are, after all, digital images that have been slightly altered or edited. To cite a meme properly, you must identify the following pieces of information: Title of meme. If it has no official title, create a short description of your own Title of the website where the meme was published URL of the website the meme was published Date the meme was published (if known) Date you accessed/retrieved the meme Publisher of the site Basically, identify the website where the meme was posted. Then, cite the meme like you would if you found it through the original website where it was posted. Let’s review how to do this in MLA format,  APA format, and Chicago/Turabian. For our examples, let’s look at the meme “I Regret Nothing” found at http://knowyourmeme.com/photos/257271-i-regret-nothing. Use the following structure to cite a meme in MLA 8: Title of meme/image or your own description of the image and meme. Title of the Website where it was published, Publisher, Day Mo. Year it was published (if you know it). URL (remove http:// or https://). Here’s how the above example would be cited in MLA format: I regret nothing meme. Know Your Meme, Literally Media, 24 Feb. 2002,  knowyourmeme.com/photos/257271-i-regret-nothing. Use the following structure to cite a meme in APA: Title of meme/image or your own description of the image [Digital image]. (Year Published). Retrieved from URL Here’s how the above example would be cited in APA format: I regret nothing [Digital image]. (2002). Retrieved from http://knowyourmeme.com/photos/257271-i-regret-nothing Use the following structure to cite a meme in Chicago/Turabian: Title or description. Digital image. Website Title. Mo. Day, Year Published. Accessed Mo. Day, Year (only include if there is no publication date). URL. Here’s how the above example would be cited in Chicago/Turabian: I Regret Nothing. Digital image. Know Your Meme. Feb. 24, 2002. http://knowyourmeme.com/photos/257271-i-regret-nothing.

Honors Biology-Early Topics - 3382 Words

Honors Biology (modified from Foundation Notes) Unit 1 Early Topics Main Sections * Definition of Biology * Characteristics of Life * Levels of Organization * SI Units and Relative Size * Scientific Method * Classification and Binomial Nomenclature Definition of Biology CHAPTER 1 Biology can be broadly defined as the â€Å"study of life† or the â€Å"study of living things†. It includes molecules that are made, used by, or derived from living things. It also includes certain groups like viruses, prions, and virions that lack a complete cellular structure but which are agents of infection. Characteristics of Life CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS LIFE? If biology is the study of life, how do we†¦show more content†¦The hypothesis should be based on something, preferably data (i.e. is not a random explanation). 3. As it is tentative, the hypothesis needs to be tested. To do this, a prediction is set up. A prediction is an â€Å"If†¦.., then†¦..† statement. The â€Å"If†¦.† part is a repeat of the hypothesis. Though a formal device, a prediction has the huge advantage of telling the scientist exactly what to do; it focuses the study. 4. Then an experiment is carried out to test the prediction. The experiment should have: a. Control and experimental groups. b. Dependent and independent variables. c. Verification (making sure that the findings are correct considering the design and basic limitations of the experiment). This is done by: * Repeating the experiment. * Having large sample sizes. The experiment will have the raw (original) data which could be qualitative or quantitative and it will most likely also have reworked (totals, %’s, averages, SD/SE) and organized data (tables, graphs, maps, charts). It might also include modeling (constructing a representation of an object, system, or process to show relationships) and a statistical analysis to show the spread of the data and establish the degree of significance. 5. Depending on the outcome of the experiment, theShow MoreRelatedLincoln Desert Mission Food Bank1005 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies while personally interacting and sharing my time in a meaningful way. Describe any honors, awards, scholarships, or recognition you have received. Provide dates, name of granting agency, and brief context whenever possible. Please do not use abbreviations. Received the President’s Scholarship at Grand Canyon University for maintaining a GPA above 3.6. Included in the President s Honor List at Paradise Valley Community College in December 2014 for achieving outstanding academic accomplishmentsRead MoreI Am Applying For The Mayo Clinic1622 Words   |  7 PagesFellowship (SURF) because of my intrinsic motivation to serve people through the healthcare field, which developed from a very early age. The motivation developed because I had an opportunity to see the miracles research and medicine could do first hand back in Pakistan, as my father was an ENT surgeon. 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Geode of Blue Copper Sulfate Crystals Tutorial

Geodes are a type of rock containing crystals. Normally, millions of years are required for flowing water and minerals to deposit crystals. You can make your own geode in only a few days. Grow beautiful translucent blue crystals of copper sulfate pentahydrate inside an egg shell to make your own geode. This project is of average difficulty and will take 2 to 3 days to finish. What You Need An eggHot waterCopper sulfate Heres How to Do It First, you need to prepare the eggshell. A natural geode forms inside a mineral. For this project, the mineral is the calcium carbonate of an eggshell. Carefully crack open an egg, discard the egg, and keep the shell. Clean the egg from the shell. Try for a clean break, to create two halves of the shell, or you may wish to just remove the top of the shell, for a more ball-shaped geode.In a separate container, add copper sulfate to 1/4 cup of hot water. The amount of copper sulfate isnt exact. You want to stir copper sulfate into the water until no more will dissolve. More is not better! It should take a few pinches of solid material to make a saturated solution.Pour the copper sulfate solution into the eggshell.Place the eggshell in a location where it can remain undisturbed for 2 to 3 days. You may want to place the eggshell in another container to keep it from falling over.Observe your geode each day. Crystals should appear by the end of the first day and will be at their best afte r the second or third day.You can pour out the solution and allow your geode to dry after a couple of days or you can let the solution fully evaporate (a  week or two). Tips for Making a Geode of Copper Sulfate Crystals Even a small increase in the temperature of the water will greatly affect the amount of copper sulfate (CuS04 . 5H20) that will dissolve.Copper sulfate is harmful if swallowed and can irritate skin and mucous membranes. In case of contact, rinse skin with water. If swallowed, give water and call a physician.Copper sulfate pentahydrate crystals contain water, so if you want to store your finished geode, keep it in a sealed container. Otherwise, water will evaporate from the crystals, leaving them dull and powdery. The gray or greenish powder is the anhydrous form of copper sulfate.The archaic name for copper (II) sulfate is blue vitriol.Copper sulfate is used in copper plating, blood tests for anemia, in algicides and fungicides, in textile manufacturing, and as a desiccant.

How Harper Lee Develops the Symbol of the Mockingbird Free Essays

Mockingbirds are a symbol of sheer innocence; their existence causes no harm to others and the sole purpose of its life is to make mellifluous music for all to enjoy. The mockingbird’s sweet chorus is destroyed and disregarded in to kill a mockingbird, as the harmless characters of Boo Radley and Tom Robinson are exiled and imprisoned despite their altruism. The use of the mockingbird in the title provides distinction and coincides through characters and events during the novel. We will write a custom essay sample on How Harper Lee Develops the Symbol of the Mockingbird or any similar topic only for you Order Now Harper Lee develops the symbol of the mockingbird in the novel through the town pariahs Boo Radley and Tom Robinson. Tom Robinson is accused of a crime he did not commit and in reality was helping another person without a reward. In chapter 10 Jem and Scout are shown an opening to the malevolence in society and are taught a moral lesson and the only sin considered by Atticus, â€Å" Shoot all the blue jays you want, if you can hit em’, but remember it’s a sin to kill a mocking. This quote foreshadows the up-coming events involving Tom Robinson and the injustices he will have to endure, even though the Mockingbird is not deserving of anguish, he is still put to death through the hands of others who would shoot any bird, regardless of what kind it may be. Scout and Jem at the beginning of the novel are oblivious to the harsh racial segregation and the moral teachings of Atticus only have literal meanings until they become immersed in the enmity of racism, where their inn ocence is later destroyed and the blurred barriers between their father and Maycomb become clear. Atticus is responsible for maintaining the stability of Maycomb and the co-existence of good and evil; he influences his children to have morally good actions and values unlike many other children of Maycomb. Atticus strives for the rights of the mockingbird and the defenceless Tom Robinson, despite the fact that he knows as soon as Mayella Ewell screamed he was a dead man. Atticus allowing Tom Robinson to a trial allowed the ignorance and hatred in Maycomb to some extent deteriorate, even Mr. Underwood a man who never spoke about the â€Å"miscarriages of justice†¦ likened Tom’s death to the senseless slaughter of song birds by hunters and children. † Just as Atticus defends the innocent and vulnerable Tom Robinson, he also provides refuge and respect to Boo Radley, a prejudiced against outcast of Maycomb. From the beginning of the novel Atticus respects Boo Radley telling Scout and Jem not to play in his yard, as he deserves the sanctity of privacy. Town gossip and the children’s fantasy surrounding Boo Radley constrain him to his home, which is veiled in mystery, â€Å"Inside the house lived a malevolent phantom. People said he existed, but Jem and I had never seen him. People said he went out at night when the moon was down, and peeped in windows†. Later in the novel the children realise that there was an error in their judgement of Boo Radley and their fear of him was unjust and cruel as behind the concocted hysteria is a kind-hearted and an innocent mockingbird as Boo Radley inflicts no harm on others and is just an innocuous victim of a cruel narrow-minded society. How to cite How Harper Lee Develops the Symbol of the Mockingbird, Essay examples

Sintax Reform Law Essay Sample free essay sample

Don’t expect crisp bead in smoking with new wickedness revenue enhancement measure — economic expert SIEGFRID O. ALEGADO. GMA NewsDecember 12. 2012 7:52pmThe wickedness revenue enhancement reform step will decidedly raise the monetary values of coffin nails and alcoholic drinks. but there won’t be an immediate and pronounced lessening in the figure of tobacco users kicking the wont merely because a stick of Marlboro Lights – for case – has become more expensive. But authorities functionaries are confident that the step. expecting President Benigno S. Aquino III’s signature. will finally control coffin nail ingestion. â€Å"The wickedness revenue enhancement jurisprudence will increase revenue enhancements for coffin nails and alcoholic drinks. It will hold the consequence of increasing the monetary value of smoke and imbibing. † Finance Assistant Secretary Ma. Teresa Habitan noted in a text message to GMA News Online on Wednesday. How precisely will this step impact on Filipinos who crave for the nicotine haste? Economic theory explains. â€Å"People will non uncover exact alterations in ingestion [ of coffin nails ] until the wickedness revenue enhancement measure has been to the full implemented. † University of Santo Tomas economic expert Alvin Ang said in a phone interview. Theoretically. any signifier of monetary value addition stemming from new revenue enhancements or non takes clip to be realized by devouring public. the economic expert noted. Targeting the hapless Ang said such revenue enhancements target price-sensitive sectors. peculiarly the hapless and young person. â€Å"In clip. those who could non afford coffin nails will take down ingestion or discontinue all-together. † he said. Habitan noted the principle behind the Reformed wickedness revenue enhancement step is to control smoke and imbibing in these sections while supplying extra financess for wellness plans. â€Å"These are non basic trade goods – coffin nails and intoxicant are pleasure goods. which have bad wellness effects if consumed overly. † she said. observing consumers buy wickedness merchandises because these are cheap. Filipinos spend around 0. 8 per centum of their entire outgo on baccy. statistician Jose Ramon Albert wrote in his article â€Å"What is So Iniquitous About the Sin Tax? † which is posted on the National Statistical Coordination Board’s web site. What is deserving observing is that the poorest 30 per centum of Filipinos spend more on back uping the wont. with 1. 6 per centum of their entire disbursals traveling to coffin nails. he added. In an earlier Senate hearing. Health Secretary Enrique Ona has said the Philippines is the top smoke state in South East Asia. Filipino tobacco users on the mean consume 1. 073 sticks yearly. compared to Indonesia ( 974 ) . Vietnam ( 887 ) . Malaysia ( 646 ) . Thailand ( 634 ) . Laos ( 544 ) . Cambodia ( 447 ) . Singapore ( 406 ) . and Myanmar ( 209 ) . Ona noted. Finance functionaries had blamed the state of affairs on a complicated four-tier excise revenue enhancement construction with rates based on monetary values of trade names in 1996. The system allowed consumers to travel for cheaper coffin nails. â€Å"Consumers look for cheaper options if they could non afford certain goods. † Ang said. The revenue enhancement rates were besides unadjusted for rising prices. doing coffin nails cheaper each twelvemonth. he added. In its version submitted to Congress. the Aquino disposal batted for the prostration of the four-tier system into two with higher rates for the first two old ages of execution and a unitary P30 revenue enhancement in the 3rd twelvemonth. The authorities besides wanted wickedness revenue enhancements indexed to rising prices in a manner that the excise revenue enhancement is partially influenced by the motion of trade good monetary values. But Congress a approved version with a two-tiered rate for both baccy merchandises and fermented spirits. and bit by bit increasing to settle at a individual P30 rate by 2017. â€Å"The excise revenue enhancement incidence for baccy merchandises jumps from a measly 29 per centum in 2012 to a respectable 63 per centum by 2017. stopping point to the international criterion recommended. † Finance Secretary Cesar Purisima said in a statement Tuesday. The measure ratified by Congress tardily Tuesday besides indexed a 4 per centum one-year addition in revenue enhancement rates during the 6th and succeeding old ages. intending the excise revenue enhancement on coffin nails will lift at a fixed per centum regardless of a faster or slower rising prices. The Finance Department has said the Executive version of the â€Å"sin† revenue enhancement measure will cut down coffin nail ingestion in half – from 5. 45 billion battalions ( prior to the new jurisprudence ) to 2. 8 billion in the first twelvemonth of execution. 2. 6 billion in the 2nd. 2. 51 billion in the 3rd. and 2. 5 billion in the 4th. Ang said the marks â€Å"could still be achieved. but at a ulterior day of the month. † While the 4 per centum would non capture exact alterations in monetary values of coffin nails. what the indexation does is â€Å"assure that wickedness merchandises will non go more low-cost in the hereafter. â€Å"Regardless of rising prices. it will be certain that revenue enhancement on wickedness merchandises will increase. † he said. â€Å"If the purpose is to take down ingestion. it is a good step. † Ang added. Indexing will assist forestall â€Å"exposing the hapless and the immature to the harmful effects of smoke and inordinate imbibing. † said Purisima. The sanctioned wickedness revenue enhancement measure â€Å"remains a good step. It merely has to be implemented good. † Ang said. —VS. GMA News SOURCE: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. gmanetwork. com/news/story/286143/economy/finance/don-t-expect-sharp-drop-in-smoking-with-new-sin-tax-bill economic expert Taxs on intoxicant and coffin nails don’t discourage ingestion and hit the hapless hardest  · â€Å"Sin taxes† on coffin nails and intoxicant are designed to hike gross. non better public wellness  · Minimum intoxicant pricing will worsen poorness and entrench inequality without detering orgy imbibing  · Most of the costs of imbibing and smoking autumn on single consumers. non the populace. There is no economic justification for increasing revenue enhancements on tobacco users and drinkers. In a study released today. â€Å"The Wages of Sin Taxes† . the Adam Smith Institute condemns the government’s determination to increase revenue enhancements on coffin nails and intoxicant this twelvemonth and to present minimal intoxicant pricing. The study argues that ‘sin taxes’ ( revenue enhancements on trade goods seen as harmful to wellness ) are uneffective in cut downing ingestion and are non necessary for reimbursing lost gross. The revenue en hancements are extremely regressive and coerce the hapless to pay for the government’s mishandling of public fundss. The revenue enhancements don’t work Cigarette revenue enhancements are now so high that increases drive tobacco users to the black market alternatively of detering ingestion or raising more gross. Sin revenue enhancements are more likely to discourage moderate users than heavy users. whose demand for coffin nails and intoxicant is comparatively inelastic. A heavy tobacco user or an alcoholic is improbable to cut down ingestion because of a monetary value rise. doing sin revenue enhancements an undependable manner of cut downing ingestion or bettering public wellness. The victims of coffin nail and intoxicant responsibility Sin revenue enhancements hit moderate and heavy users likewise. Research has shown that old rises in coffin nail revenue enhancement have made merely 2. 3 % of tobacco users quit. with the other 97. 7 % merely paying more in revenue enhancement. Tax on coffin nails and intoxicant are regressive and hit the hapless hardest. The mean tobacco user spends ?1660 a twelvemonth on coffin nails – 20 % of the bottom 10 % ’s income. Sin revenue enhancements are the most regressive indirect revenue enhancements. as they tend to aim merchandises that are disproportionately consumed by the hapless. Minimum intoxicant pricing is besides profoundly regressive. merely impacting the cheaper drinks consumed by the hapless. Punishing hapless people for basking a drink or a coffin nail exacerbates poorness and treats the hapless like kids who need to be controlled by the province. The public cost of smoke and imbibing Taxs on coffin nails and intoxicant have frequently been justified by surveies that claim to gauge the â€Å"social cost† of these frailties. These surveies include intangible costs borne by single consumers. such as â€Å"emotional distress† . lost old ages of life. and single outgos on coffin nails and intoxicant. These are personal costs. non societal costs. They besides fail to include the economic benefits the intoxicant and coffin nail industry gives to the UK in footings of employment and authorities gross. Most of these surveies should be relegated to the bin of debris statistics. In fact. tobacco users and heavy drinkers do non be the province more. Though tobacco users may be more during their on the job lives. but non-smokers require greater outgo in pensions. nursing attention and public assistance payments. Chronic diseases associated with old age are far more expensive than the deadly diseases associated with smoke and alcohol addiction. Smokers and drinke rs are non a load on the province. and the myth of saints subsidizing evildoers should non be used to warrant revenue enhancement rises. The entreaty of ‘sin taxes’ Despite the fact they hurt the hapless and do non alter consumer ingestion. wickedness revenue enhancements have ever been popular with authoritiess as a beginning of gross. Sin revenue enhancements and minimal intoxicant pricing should be recognised for what they truly are – stealing revenue enhancements and paternalism designed to command the hapless. Chris Snowdon. writer of the study and Adam Smith Institute chap. says: â€Å"Campaigners for wickedness revenue enhancements and minimal pricing frequently claim that â€Å"healthy citizens† are forced to bear the cost of other people’s life styles. In fact. the grounds shows that tobacco users take less from the communal pot than the mean Briton and the money raised from intoxicant responsibility comfortably wages for any load imbibing topographic points on public services. If the purpose of policy is to do persons pay their manner. the authorities should cut down the beer revenue enhancement and subsidise coffin nails. We are non earnestly proposing the authorities does this. but if politicians insist on increasing revenue enhancements on these merchandises. they should acknowledge that the intent is to raise gross. Basically the authorities is coercing the people who are least likely to populate to extreme old age to pay for the escalating costs of an ageing population. â€Å"As we show in the study. amongst EU states there is no relationship between intoxicant monetary values and intoxicant related injury. nor is there an association between coffin nail monetary values and smoking rates. The lone important effects that sin revenue enhancements have are to do the hapless poorer and black marketeers richer. † Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. adamsmith. org/news/press-releases/taxes-on-alcohol-and-cigarettes-don % E2 % 80 % 99t-disc ourage-consumption-and-hit-the-poor Inch: REVIEW Sin Tax Law] anuary 10. 2013 By Michelle Lojo of DSLULate last twelvemonth. President Benigno Aquino III signed Republic Act No. 10351. otherwise known as the wickedness revenue enhancement reform measure. The jurisprudence increases revenue enhancements on intoxicant and coffin nails. The jurisprudence. on norm. increases the monetary values of coffin nails sold by battalion from P11. 50 to P23. 50 and will go on to increase each go throughing twelvemonth as per rating. Even with the addition in monetary values of coffin nails. Malacanang reports that the monetary values of coffin nails in the state are still low compared to the monetary values among other Asiatic states where monetary values of baccy merchandises can ramp up to P50 per battalion. The National Youth Commission ( NYC ) . along with other study companies released consequences that predict that the figure of immature tobacco users diminish ingestion one time coffin nail monetary values addition. along with the lessening of coffin nail ingestion per twenty-four hours by tobacco users. The jurisprudence is besides considered a tool that would deter smoke. The original wickedness revenue enhancement measure. which had been pending since the 1997 Congress. is seen as more of a wellness step. as compared to the signed jurisprudence. which would convey more income to the authorities. Aquino explains that the sign language of the Sin Tax Bill into Law is a agency of giving wellness benefits to Filipinos. regardless of stature. The expected grosss from the increased revenue enhancement will be used to fund wellness benefits for the hapless and assistance in restituting and building new infirmaries. He deemed it an early gift to the Filipino people. stressing that life of each Filipino is sacred. The Sin Tax Law has been in consequence since January 1. 2013 with many coffin nail sellers already staying by it. But PMFTC. Inc. . a major baccy company in the state. released a statement that they have non increased the monetary values of their merchandises and advise Sellerss of their merchandises to sell at current recommended monetary values. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //thelasallian. com/2013/01/10/in-review-sin-tax-law/ Sin revenue enhancement measure signed into jurisprudenceBy Aurea Calica ( The Philippine Star ) | Updated December 21. 2012 – 12:00am MANILA. Philippines – President Aquino signed yesterday the wickedness revenue enhancement reform measure into jurisprudence. paving the manner for higher coffin nail and spirits monetary values in the approaching hebdomads. After subscribing Republic Act No. 10351. Aquino thanked lawgivers who fought to hold it passed amid strong anteroom against the step from what he described as groups â€Å"with deep pockets. † â€Å"Many believed it was impossible to go through the wickedness revenue enhancement bill† as those barricading its transition were â€Å"strong. noisy. organized. † the President said. But he said it was finally difficult work and integrity that prevailed and made the twenty-four hours for the wickedness revenue enhancement step. â€Å"Today. we sign. eventually. a jurisprudence that serves as an early Christmas gift to 1000000s of Filipinos who will be covered by the cosmopolitan wellness attention plan. who will profit from new public clinics and infirmaries that will be built. and who will be discouraged from smoke and imbibing. † the President said in his address during the sign language ceremonial at Malacanang. â€Å"We have proven: nil is impossible for Filipinos who are sailing in the same way. whose Black Marias are in the right topographic point. and who are ready to contend for their rules. † he said. n its first twelvemonth of execution. the step is expected to bring forth for the authorities extra grosss deserving P33. 96 billion. of which P23. 4 billion will come from coffin nails. P6. 06 billion from distilled liquors and P4. 5 billion from fermented spiritss. The wickedness revenue enhancement measure had been pending in Congress since 1997 and the President said many had thought it would already be impossible to hold it passed due to conflicting involvements. The measure will significantly increase the monetary values of coffin nails and spirits in the state. The monetary values of wickedness merchandises in the Philippines are significantly lower than those in other states. Contrary to claims by anteroom groups. Aquino said baccy husbandmans would profit from the step in footings of aid and entree to alternative support. The President thanked Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile for demoing regard for the transition of the step despite his being against it. He besides praised Speaker Feliciano Belmonte Jr. and Sen. Franklin Drilon for their attempts in guaranting the bill’s transition. Aquino said Finance Secretary Cesar Purisima. Health Secretary Enrique Ona and Bureau of Internal Revenue Commissioner Kim Henares should besides be credited for converting lawgivers to see the step. He called Henares the â€Å"lead combatant in the trenches for this enterprise. † Aquino said that based on the enacted step. â€Å"taxes will be unvarying and will open the doors for healthy competition in the industry and avoid monopoly. † Eighty per centum of the incremental grosss after subtracting the support for baccy husbandmans under RA 7171 will be allocated for cosmopolitan wellness attention under the National Health Insurance Program. and 20 per centum will be allocated countrywide for medical aid and wellness sweetening installations plan. Under the wickedness revenue enhancement jurisprudence. the proper revenue enhancement categorization of intoxicant and baccy merchandises will be determined every two old ages. taking the price/brand categorization freezing. This is meant to simplify the current multi-tiered construction to forestall downshifting to take down priced trade names. To forestall the excise revenue enhancements from acquiring eroded by rising prices. the excise revenue enhancement rates will be increased by four per centum every twelvemonth effectual 2016 for distilled liquors and 2018 for coffin nails and beer. Officials said the jurisprudence conformed to the World Trade Organization governi ng on distilled liquors and baccy. Drilon leaves chairmanship Drilon. interim. has given up his function as moving president of the Senate commission on ways and agencies after assisting guarantee transition of the wickedness revenue enhancement reform step. Sen. Ralph Recto reassumes the chairmanship of the commission. Drilon took over the chairmanship of the commission from Recto last October after the latter decided to give it up in response to allegations that he was supporting makers of coffin nails and intoxicant. Recto decried what he thought was deficiency of support from finance functionaries for his version of the wickedness revenue enhancement measure. He had been pilloried by assorted sectors for forcing for lower revenue enhancement rates for coffin nail and spirits. Apart from the wickedness revenue enhancement measure. Drilon besides sponsored the measure taking the common bearers revenue enhancement on foreign air hoses and Marine vass. â€Å"These two of import steps. I believe. is a major work that the commission on ways and agencies undertook for the past two months. Having said that. we believe it is clip that we relinquish the moving chair as the lone intent of our holding assumed the moving chair is to work foremost on the wickedness revenue enhancement reform step and 2nd. on this long-pending common bearers revenue enhancement. † Drilon said. Sen. Ferdinand Marcos Jr. . for his portion. insisted that the wickedness revenue enhancement reform step will advance smuggling of baccy in the state. He said the authorities is improbable to recognize its gross mark. Tobacco husbandmans belonging to the Philtobacco Growers Association ( PTGA ) besides expressed letdown over the transition of the step. â€Å"We are in mourning because this is the beginning of the death of the baccy industry in the state. † said PTGA president Saturnino Distor. The group believes the excise revenue enhancement jurisprudence favours imported trade names. ‘Game changer’ For Health Secretary Enrique Ona. the Sin Tax Reform Law is a â€Å"game changer† that will drastically change the landscape of the country’s wellness attention system. â€Å"The passage of this jurisprudence is a triumph in our run to protect our people. particularly the immature and the hapless. from the sick effects of smoke and inordinate imbibing. † Ona said in a statement in reaction to President Aquino’s subscribing the step into jurisprudence. Ona added that by increasing the monetary values of coffin nails. â€Å"the figure of immature and hapless people smoke and imbibing overly will be reduced significantly. † This in bend. he said. will ensue in â€Å"lower incidence of smoking related non-communicable unwellnesss such as lung malignant neoplastic disease. bosom onslaught. shots and chronic lung disease. every bit good as diseases associated with inordinate imbibing such as liver diseases and injury secondary to imbibe drive. † Pa rt of the grosss from baccy and intoxicant merchandises will be used to inscribe into Philippine Health Insurance Corp. ( Philhealth ) the poorest 20 per centum of the country’s population and upgrade and modernize infirmaries and other health care installations. among others. â€Å"The Department of Health is thankful for the priceless dedication of Sen. Franklin Drilon. moving chair of the Senate commission on ways and agencies. and Representative Isidro Ungab. chair of the House commission on ways and agencies and measure patron in their several Chamberss. in guaranting that this critical wellness step is passed. † Ona said. â€Å"We besides recognize the support of our wellness title-holders in the Senate and the House of Representatives every bit good as the Department of Finance. Bureau of Internal Revenue and our spouses in the academia. medical societies. patients’ groups and other members of civil society. † he said. Based on DOF projections. the jurisprudence is estimated to bring forth cumulative incremental gross of P184. 31 billion from 2013 to 2016. of which P146. 7 billion is estimated to be earmarked for wellness. With Sheila Crisostomo. Marvin Sy. Christina Mendez SOURCE: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. philstar. c om/headlines/2012/12/21/888415/sin-tax-bill-signed-law Definition of ‘Sin Tax’ A state-sponsored revenue enhancement that is added to merchandises or services that are seen as frailties. such as intoxicant. baccy and gaming. These type of revenue enhancements are levied by authoritiess to deter persons from partaking in such activities without doing the usage of the merchandises illegal. These revenue enhancements besides provide a beginning of authorities gross. Investopedia explains ‘Sin Tax’Sin revenue enhancements are typically added to liquor. coffin nails and other non-luxury points. State authoritiess favor wickedness revenue enhancements because they generate an tremendous sum of gross and are normally easy accepted by the general populace because they are indirect revenue enhancements that merely affect those who use the merchandises. When single provinces run shortages. the wickedness revenue enhancement is typically one of the first revenue enhancements recommended by lawgivers to assist make full the budget spread. Beginning: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. investopedia. com/terms/s/sin_tax. asp # axzz2Hs1W31jW

Outline and Evaluate the Reasons for the Growing Popularity free essay sample

Outline and evaluate the reasons for the growing popularity of alternative medicine Alternative medicine is a term that is used to describe medical practices that are different from accepted forms and is used instead of orthodox medicine (Hunt and Lightly, 1999). This term was given to these types of medical practices by the bio-medical model which reflects their power. However, recently it has been become ‘Complementary’ which shows the increasing acceptance of this type of medicine; this now marks a shift from seeing alternatives as in opposition to modern medicine to recognising that they can support orthodox treatment. This type of medicine has a Holistic approach, meaning that it treats the mind as well as the body, unlike the bio-medical model which could be a reason as to why more and more people use certain forms of complementary medicine. Alternative medicine has always been popular in Eastern societies; for example, treatments like Fire Cupping originate from China and over time have becoming increasingly popular in the West. We will write a custom essay sample on Outline and Evaluate the Reasons for the Growing Popularity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page According to a study in 2007, Britons spent ? 91 million on alternative medicine in that year alone and has been suggested that that figure has gone up by 32% in the past five years. Another reason as to why this form of medicine has become largely more popular in Western societies is that GPs and hospitals will often refer people to them if they feel that the bio-medical model can’t help them. Similarly, the NHS will refer to this form of medicine as ‘Complementary’, which shows that they no longer see it as a threat to their form of health care. According to Sharma (1992) the most popular forms on Complementary medicine are Herbalism, Osteopathy and Homeopathy. This could be down to the fact that these ones are the most successful in their treatment, or on the other hand it could be that celebrities have made it into some form of ‘Popular Culture’ in which the masses feel they should also try out. There are a significant amount of reasons as to why there has been a growth in the popularity of alternative/complementary medicine over the last decade. According to Bivins (2007) the popularity of bio-medicine suited a population under permanent threat of infectious diseases. Whereas today, patients’ needs have changed due to the fact that certain chronic conditions have risen which has in turn led to disappointment towards industrial medicine as it is shows that orthodox medicine doesn’t give people other options; it is limited in its treatments. Furthermore, industrial medicine is significantly impersonal compared to complementary medicine which could be another reasons as to why people are choosing alternate forms of health care. On the other hand, Hunt and Lightly (1999) suggest that it could be down to the fact that there are a growing number of people in the population which simply needs/wants to be different and experiment. Illich would put forward his theory of ‘iatrogenesis’ (when medicine does more harm than good), saying that people are concerned about the unpleasant side-effects of drugs and the interventionist nature of medical practice which has been proven by surveys taken out. Another minor issue could be that people now demand for patient input; regarding complementary medicine, the doctor and the patient talk and together come up with solutions; the patient isn’t treated passive and isn’t talked to. According to Bakx (1991) the decline in the cultural dominance of biomedicine and the medical profession has resulted in the re-emergence of the plurality of alternative approached to health. Stanway would refute this view and suggest that people ‘simply want to experiment’. He would also say that this could be down to philosophical/religious reservations about what is being offered. Orthodox medicine have a ‘body dualism’ approach instead of a Holistic approach in which alternative medicine does take; they take into account everything to do with the patients life, whether that be physical or emotional or psychological problems. However, Coward (1989) would refute both models of health saying that they ‘tend to stress that health problems are individual, both in terms of the causes and the cures’. He would say that this ignores the wider social factors that cause ill health, such as poverty, job-related stress and pollution. He would also say that many of the treatments haven’t been tested in the ways that conventional medicine has, so it hasn’t met the ‘Peer Review criteria’ which therefore brings into account the â€Å"Placebo Affect† suggesting that these treatments make people believe that they are feeling better when actually it is all fake. This suggests that the rising popularity of contemporary medicine is fake and that the medicine doesnt actually do anything, but because people think it does they are using it more and more. He would also state that if people on rely on alternative medicine it could be dangerous in the case of serious diseases like Cancer and AIDS where conventional treatments are more effective. Fulder would agree with Coward here and question whether alternative practitioners are prepared to take sole responsibility for their patients when regarding chronic diseases and whether they would refer them to the bio-medical models’ treatment or keep them in their own hands. According to a survey done by Fulder and Monro, it was suggested that the kind of people who use alternative medicine are more likely to be middle class, female and young to middle-aged. Some would argue that this is because alternative medicine can be expensive, and also because women often go to the doctors more than men they are now turning to complementary treatments in hope that (for example) their period pains, morning sickness etc will be sorted by other forms of medicine. To conclude, there are a number of reasons as to why there is a growing popularity of alternative medicine and there isnt one clear cut answer.

Agias, from the Doachos Monument

Agias, from the Doachos Monument Agias, from the Doachos MonumentThroughout the history of Greek art, the fourth century classical, or late classical, includes very careful attention to the anatomy of the human body. This is especially true in the sculptures created. There were even formulas for calculating the "ideal" proportions of the human body that sculptors would follow. A proficient example of a sculpture from this period is the Agias, from the Doachos Monument. The sculptor is believed to be Lysippos. The monument was a gift from King Doachos of Thessaly dedicated to Delphi, and was built in 344-343 B.C.E. A marble copy survives today and is at the museum in Delphi, but the original bronze was probably melted down. A cast of the sculpture can be seen today in the Metropolitan Museum of Art Cast Collection in Fairfield University's Loyola Hall.The sculpture of Agias has very well toned and formed body muscle.Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, USA : Carrol...Being that he was a Greek wrestler or boxer, his muscles are very well developed, and the sculptor accented this by deep grooves to exhibit definition. The sculpture stands in a contrapposto pose, halfway between stillness and motion. The sculpture is in more of a naturalistic state, and not as idealized as previous sculptures. The body definition is not as emphasized and not as well defined in comparison to other sculptures, such as the kouros we have seen in the Met. The sculpture's legs and torso are elongated, and the head seems to be smaller in proportion. Agias stands about 2 meters tall. When looking at the sculpture from the doorway, you can see a slight "S" curve in the body, which was a trademark of Praxitles. The shift in the weight of the body, and its balance is very realistic. When looking from closer, one can...

Crtical Article Review of the Bell Witch of Tennessee and Mississippi Essay

Crtical Article Review of the Bell Witch of Tennessee and Mississippi - Essay Example Probably thÐ µ main thÐ µory at usÐ µ for thÐ µ authors is about catÐ µgorization of folklorÐ µ and thÐ µ status of thÐ µ primary tÐ µxt, in that thÐ µ authors sÐ µÃ µm to thÐ µorizÐ µ that if Ð µnough catÐ µgoriÐ µs arÐ µ crÐ µatÐ µd thÐ µrÐ µ can bÐ µcomÐ µ a framÐ µwork or infrastructurÐ µ of dÐ µfinition framing thÐ µ outragÐ µous story. ThÐ µ authors writÐ µ a morÐ µ pÐ µrsonal and opÐ µnly subjÐ µctivÐ µ introduction bÐ µforÐ µ lÐ µtting thÐ µ talÐ µ spÐ µak for itsÐ µlf, and thÐ µ articlÐ µ usÐ µs mainly Ð µthnographic or cultural-anthropological casÐ µ study mÐ µthods, and it is unclÐ µar Ð µvÐ µn whÐ µthÐ µr or not thÐ µ casÐ µ studiÐ µs arÐ µ basically hypothÐ µtical or factual. HowÐ µvÐ µr, thÐ µ authors also havÐ µ a strong and convincing argumÐ µnt about thÐ µ story as folklorÐ µ. ThÐ µ authors’ analysis and story work in diffÐ µrÐ µnt ways in tÐ µrms of mÐ µthods and thÐ µoriÐ µs, which can bÐ µ likÐ µnÐ µd to casÐ µ study mÐ µthods. This is a qualitativÐ µ mÐ µasurÐ µ bÐ µcausÐ µ it doÐ µs involvÐ µ thÐ µ intÐ µrprÐ µtation of thÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarchÐ µr, which tÐ µnds to bÐ µ subjÐ µctivÐ µ and basÐ µd on opinions, attitudÐ µs, and bÐ µliÐ µfs which arÐ µ mÐ µasurÐ µd by thÐ µ qualitativÐ µ rÐ µsÐ µarch procÐ µss.

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value Essay - 2

Describe the methods used to calculate value added. How does value added contribute towards understanding the connections betwe - Essay Example Labor expenses also include all the salaries that are given in the form of cash to each and every employee of the organization2. All the outflows of cash in form of cash, assets, materials and wages are inculcated in labor expenses. The rest of the labor expenses include the extra money that is given by the organization if the employees are working on over time or in the form of extra working hours. This is necessary because each hand every hour that they are spending on the organization is also in turn being proved to be productive for the overall organizational perspective. The second component refers to all the capital generated in the form of cash or other items, this capital is the result of all work force and all the investments that are exhausted in the work machinery for generate the capital for the profit of the company. The result of the sum of both the factors yield something that can give a competitor’s advantage to an organization as value added has an alluring ef fect of giving performance more than expected. Value added includes those results, services or usage of the products that are beyond expectations of a client in the positive sense and this also increase the overall value of the services and goodwill of the company among the customers to increase revenue generation.3 A very important and mostly deployed method to calculate economic value added is as follows Economic value added = Current performance – base performance The current performance is the economic value added figures that will be used from the time period that is most recent or in which we are interested to calculate the value added. The company’s figures for all the years are written in tabular format and then a base line is selected. The base line refers to the standard year or time period from which the economic value added of the most recent time period will be compared. The comparison is mostly done in the form of ration and then it is calculated that wha t the current economic value of the company is. If the current performance is high then automatically then resultant factor will be high and we will say that the company us improving in the terms of value added services. If the resultant factor is zero then it means that there is no progress but there is no loss as well. The company should pay heed to cut the sunk costs in this case because the EVA must rise with every time period in order to gain profit and produce productive results. If the EVA factor is negative then this means that there is a serious problem in value added services of the company and there should be revision in policies to decrease the loss of the values of the products. The other method to calculate value added is to estimate the current overall costs that are being dissipated and squandered in the production of the products. After the careful estimation of costs, different measures must be taken in order to minimize the costs so that they overall production st eps cannot be effected badly for example the administration of a company can cut off the extra charges of transportation or they can reduce the work force from their company by introducing different automated system in their work environment. This will reduce the extra costs from the working environments and these extra costs can be taken into account for the production of

Henry Jamess The Turn of the Screw, An Analysis

Henry Jamess The Turn of the Screw, An Analysis Henry Jamess The Turn of the Screw:  Horrors finest work of Ambiguity Classically in many works of literature, especially in horror, one expects to find clear-cut heroes and villains, defined by the timeless juxtaposition of good and evil. Henry Jamess 1898 novella, The Turn of the Screw, plays into this commonality at first. Ambiguity is perhaps this novellas most prominent rhetorical strategy, blurring lines with the actions of the characters, as well as in the language. Jamess twists on characterization, structure, and framing of his writing, leads the audience to ponder on who is really on each side of the boundary of good and evil as they dive deeper into the novella. The establishment of the unreliable narrator in conjunction with the ambiguous framing and story manipulation causes the audience to question the nature of evil in the novella. The Turn of the Screws characters contain the generic surface elements of a majority of other ghost stories, including the characterization of the heroine and the villain. The unnamed governess, the primary narrator, is inducted as the seeming good in the story. James, however, writes into her characterization, questionable behavior. Described as a young 20-year old, intelligent, charming individual to the audience, there are two opposing ways of viewing her character either as a normal, coherent heroine or an insane anti-heroine. The repressed insane state of mind is by far the most popular interpretation of the character for most readers of this ghost story. Edmund Wilson, an influential literary critic presented this psychological perspective in his 1939 essay The Ambiguity of Henry James. In the essay, Wilson carefully lays out a multitude of examples in which he sees signs of Freudian symbolism in the story; the Governess stands out as a neurotic, sexually repressed woman whose hidden desires drive her mad (Shmoop: Governess). Wilson explores more into this idea of how the Governess is telling the story; Observe that there is never any evidence that anybody but the governess sees the ghosts. She believes that the children see them but there is never any proof that they do. The housekeeper insists that she does not see them; it is apparently the governess who frightens them. (Wilson 170) On the other hand, the presumed and traditional way of reading the novella has the Governess be in full control of her mental state, as well as having the supernatural actually happen in reality. This portrayal of the Governess places her in the role of the classical heroine and assumes that she really has good intentions and is just looking out for the children. This view also assumes that Miles and Flora are troublesome children and are in fact, connected to the apparitions of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. The interpretation that the Governess is a traditional heroine is counteracted in many ways in her characterization, including the fairly apparent obsession with the children, But it was a comfort that there could be no uneasiness in a connexion with anything so beatific as the radiant image of my little girl, the vision of whose angelic beauty had probably moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (James 124). The Governess acknowledging Flora as my little girl, as she is just meeting the children, indicates an obsession supporting the interpretation that the governess is an anti-heroine. Yet looking at the character in a practical sense that she is a traditional heroine, the governess is doing her job, looking out for Miles and Flora and combats evil apparitions of Peter Quint and Miss Jessel. The Governess telling us that Miss Jessel is evil, Another person this time; but a figure of quite as unmistakable horror and evil: a woman in black, pale and dreadful with such an air also, and such a face! on the other side of the lake. I was there with the child quiet for the hour; and in the midst of it she came. (James 156) Just objectively looking at the text would indicate that the ghosts are malevolent forces in the story. While on the other side of the spectrum, Edmund convincing uses the example of the final scene where the governess confronts Miles about the ghosts, From her point of view, we see that he must have taken her There, there! as an answer to his own Where? She has finally made him believe either that he has actually seen something or that he is on the point of seeing something. He gives the cry of a creature hurled over an abyss. She has literally frightened him to death. (Wilson 172). The conflict between her actual narration of the story and her actions and dialogue observed by audience creates the two-sided characterization of the Governess that exudes the ambiguity of the true good and evil of the novella. The governess is not the only character that has been manipulated by the hand of Henry James to produce ambiguity. The children of the Bly household, Miles and Flora, have also been in question on where they land on the good and evil spectrum. Progressively throughout the story, the children transition from sweet and innocent to being possessed and evil as described by the governess. The governess initially adored the children (obsessively perhaps), until their innocence was corrupted by the ghosts of Quint and Miss Jessel. This brings the question to the audience: are the children evil through supernatural occurrences, or if the children are just being children. Flora, at first glance of the governess, had been described as angelic, beautiful, well mannered, perfect little girl, until much later into the plot where the governess believes she has been talking to Miss Jessel, the governess accusing and her she retorts, Take me away oh take me away from her! From me? I panted. From yo u from you! she criedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The wretched child had spoken exactly as if she had got from some outside source each of her stabbing little wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Of course Ive lost you: Ive interfered, and youve seen, under her dictationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ive done my best, but Ive lost you. Good-bye.' (James 240). The governess herself describes Flora in this passage to be a wretched child, insinuating that she is the evil in the story. Miles as well is introduced by Mrs. Grose as good, beautiful child, Oh miss, most remarkable. If you think well of this one!' (James 125) even if a bit of a troublemaker. I held [Mrs. Grose] tighter. You like them with the spirit to be naughty? Then, keeping pace with her answer, So do I! I eagerly brought out. But not to the degree to contaminate To contaminate? my big word left her at a loss. I explained it. To corrupt. She stared, taking my meaning in; but it produced in her an odd laugh. Are you afraid hell corrupt you?' (James 130) The governesss dialogue here actually makes it seem as if Miles is legitimately bad. However, this is assuming that the audience interprets the governess as the classic heroine, and many believe that both children show what is normally considered as normal childish tendencies. The characterization of the governess and the children are effectively made ambiguous by how James frames his writing. The highly emotional, yet melodramatic narration of the governess holds the audience to her point of view allowing for some room to experience her loss of control, yet at the same time, the writing itself adds to the feeling Governess is losing her sanity. We can look at where Flora leaves after being accused by the governess, Take me away oh take me away from her! From me? I panted. From you from you! she criedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The wretched child had spoken exactly as if she had got from some outside source each of her stabbing little wordsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (James 240). This is a good example where James frames the dialogue in a way where from the governesss perspective that Flora is conspiring with Miss Jessel, and at the same time showing the audience the governesss unreliability as Flora seemingly did nothing wrong. This creates the ambiguity that clouds the audien ces idea of good and evil. Another way James frames the text to convey ambiguity is Douglas praise that the governess was the most agreeable woman Ive ever known in her position; (James 117) shining a positive light on the governess and yet frames the situation to the audience in that if shes that agreeable, how can we as an audience, not say that this claim by Douglas is biased? This two sided interpretation of the statement is one of the many ways James produces ambiguity through framing. In the literature, the governess perspective of the children makes it seem as if they are corrupted by evil, but from a broader frame, her actions are shown in a different light, creating the ambiguity of whether or not the Governess is actually the body of good. In addition to James frame of the characters, the framing of the ending, suddenly ending and without real resolution, adds more to the ambiguity of the placement of the line between good and evil. Did the ghost just kill Miles; did the g overness just kill Miles? The endings framing make it seem flawed and unfinished, yet it does precisely what James wants: to hold the audience in the state of ambiguous limbo. The Turn of the Screw, as a Henry Jamess piece of work, is uniquely structured to convey ambiguity over benevolence and malevolence. In Donald P. Costellos Modern Language Notes, Costello states that there is, in fact, a two-part structure in the novel. This double effect of The Turn of the Screw is a product of its structure, which is basically a double one: scenes in which the governess represents the action usually result in horror; scenes in which the governess interprets the action usually result in mystification. (Costello 313). Costello is essentially telling us that there are parts of the story where the governess reports to us from her perspective that provides the horror of the reality of the ghosts, and the other part of the plots structure where the audience interprets that part of the story. The theme of good versus evil would be naturally deduced by the reader through interpretation. However the representation of the text through the governess point of view conflicts wi th the interpretation of the audience, producing the ambiguity. For instance, the actual literature and perspective of the narrator induces the idea that the governess is good and the horror stems from the children being possessed as well as the ghosts, while the interpretation and observation of the governess make that opposing portrayal of someone losing their mind, having hallucinations of the whole situation. This discrepancy of representation and interpretation create the blurred line of what is truly good and evil. The creation of illusion and ambiguity are rhetorical strategies that add a unique layer to literature, making the audience take it upon themselves to assess the story determine what is actually occurring. To the Victorian audience that this was written for to the audience reading over a century later, Jamess utilization of ambiguity on the timeless theme of good vs. evil. continues to mystify readers today. Deciding on the good and evil in the story stems from the readers analysis of Jamess characterization, his framing of his text, as well as the structure of the plot. But as much as we can analyze and connect the theme back to real life Victorian age, or now, the idea of ambiguity is that it is supposed to remain that way. Whether the governess or the children are evil or what truly happened in the end, it is up to the audience to decide, and even then, the decisions might differ. Works Cited Costello, Donald P. The Structure of The Turn of the Screw. Modern Language Notes, vol. 75, no. 4, 1960, pp. 312-321. www.jstor.org/stable/3040418. James, Henry. The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories. New York: Oxford UP, 2008. Print. Oxford Worlds Classics. Parkinson, Edward J., Dr. The Turn of the Screw-Chapter V The Influence of Structuralism: 1958-1969. The Turn of the Screw. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 Feb. 2017. Shmoop Editorial Team. The Turn of the Screw. Shmoop. Shmoop University, Inc., 11 Nov. 2008. Web. 13 Feb. 2017. The Turn of the Screw. Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 13  Feb. 2017. Wilson, Edmund. The Ambiguity of Henry James. Hound and Horn Apr.-May 1934

Based System for Sales, Marketing and Customer Information Essay

We propose a new cloud based system that will compile all of the past sales and marketing information and current customer contacts and needs. This system will allow employees from all areas and locations access to marketing tools and sales data. The components needed to use the new cloud system are Clients which is computer hardware and software that relies on the cloud for application and other Cloud services. The other services could not run without the help of Cloud computing. The second is Services; this is a software system that is designed to support machine-to-machine communication through a network. Next is Application; this helps the Cloud in the software architecture, this often eliminates the need to install and run the application on the costumers own computer. Platform facilitates deployment of applications without the cost of complexity of buying and managing the underlying hardware and software layers. Storage is the delivery of data storage as a service. Then there is infrastructure; this is the delivery of computer infrastructure as a service. All of these components are very important to the new system of cloud we are creating to better Riordan. The data requirements can be simply updated with a downloadable software update that will come with the program to make it simpler to install. The only things that will be needed while using this software are access to the internet and an external hard drive. The hard drive will ensure that it will not take up too much memory from the internal hard drive as it has a large amount of memory. Using the software is simple and easy to learn. It can be a little hard if one does not have proper knowledge of the internet. In order to be able to download this program the proper way without any add-ons of viruses, one would have to have the knowledge of the internet and to be able to download programs. The last thing that will help when using out software, is knowing how to use an external hard drive and how to hook it into the computer. The new cloud system uses more memory then our last version making an external hard drive a little more needed. These requirements will make using the software as simple and will help any company track sales and other financial information. Riordan would be able to manage data, text, and document management as a communication simplicity tool. As in any company, data is an informational asset that brings in earnings, investing in data management. Simply spoken, it helps to raise customer relationship management (CRM), while cutting expenses. This type of database will enable increased speeds for locating the products the customers want. It will reduce, considerably, the unauthorized purchases, and improve the efficiency in the operation, helping to also reduce errors in customer purchases. Part of the restructuring, would involve a need for Riordan implement consolidating software applications for all of the branches. The security of this software and concerns are the same as any software. As long as the company sticks to the policy there should not be any problems. We have made sure that this program is safe and secure. The data will be protected as long as the computers and users are safe with Virus protectors that are installed. So far we have not seen any flaws within the program as long as it is used properly. Any ethical concerns should be addressed to our company so we can make sure they are fixed and made sure that the data is safe and secure. This system can be used with mobile devices such as smart phones and any smart tablet. We have made this possible to help companies who travel a lot and cannot always be around a computer. We added this in to help make tracking a simpler step for all companies who use our system. Because the system as a whole carries far too much data for smart phones and tablets, we have created an app that can be downloaded with a smaller call for storage. This will help to not take up too much storage on smaller devices.

Jack London and His Call of the Wild Essay

â€Å"He was sounding the deeps of his nature, and of the parts of his nature that were deeper than he, going back into the womb of Time. † – Jack London, The Call of the Wild, Ch. 3 (Jack London Quotes). This quote summarizes the success of Jack London’s writing career in one simple sentence. London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. Jack London, was born John Griffith Chaney on January 12, 1876 near San Francisco, California. His mother was abandoned by London’s real father, William Chaney a traveling astrologer, shortly after it was discovered she was expecting Jack. This later influenced London’s decision to leave his family at a young age. His mother remarried quickly, and Jack took on his stepfather’s name, London. Because of complications, London was primarily raised by Virginia Prentiss, a former slave, until he was around five years of age (Stern 700). The family lived in poverty, and he had many siblings, but was not particularly close with any of them (Jack London Biography). At age 13, he quit school, borrowed money for a boat, and began harvesting oysters in the Pacific Ocean. By the age of 15, Jack was a successful business man, and known around the docks as â€Å"The King of the Oyster Pirates† (Stern 700). He later reflected on this difficult time by stating, â€Å"Life is not a matter of holding good cards, but sometimes, playing a poor hand well† (Jack London Quotes). He was later caught in this illegal act and then hired as part of the coast patrol because of his extensive knowledge of the sea. After a voyage to Japan with the patrol, he returned to California in the middle of a recession (London, Jack). After struggling to find a steady job, London joined Coxey’s army, a hobo organization (Jack London Biography). After becoming bored with that, he enrolled in high school and completed a four year degree in just one year. Shortly afterward, London enrolled at the University of California on borrowed money (Jack London). While attending the University he spent large amounts of time in the school’s library reading the vast collection of books. Among these were works from Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and most importantly, Charles Darwin. Influenced by his readings, London created his own fusion of socialism, male dominance and white superiority beliefs (London, Jack). In fact, some experts even refer to his books, White Fang, and The Call of the Wild, as fiction versions of Darwin’s Evolution (Stern 700). In the middle of London’s college career, the first Klondike gold rush began. In 1897 alone, over 30,000 men, London among them, rushed to the Yukon territory in search of the precious metal. The majority, like London, returned unsuccessfully. Although he didn’t get rich on gold in the Yukon, he would later be rich on something else from the cold, harsh place; his memories, inspiration for two of his most successful novels, White Fang and Call of the Wild (Yukon). Around the turn of the century, Robber-barons as they were called, monopolized businesses, companies, then entire industries. Jack knew this fact, and believed that writing was his only way out (Jack London). London’s very first writing success Typhoon off the Coast of Japan, inspired by his trip to Japan, came in 1900, the same year he married his first wife, Bess Maddern. Together they had two daughters, Joan and Bess (Jack London Biography). During his first marriage, London published some of his most successful stories, including Call of the Wild (1903) and Sea Wolf (1904) both in which he dramatized â€Å"atavism, adaptability, and the appeal to the wilderness† (Jack London). In 1905, following an affair, London divorced Bess Maddern and married Charmair Kittredge. He later used his second spouse’s character as the protagonist in many of his works. London encouraged Charmair to pursue writing, and with his help, published three books, including a biography over Jack because of his eventful past (Stasz 1). Later that same year, London found his true love, Beauty Ranch. Later in his life he stated, â€Å"I write for no other purpose to add the beauty that now belongs to me. I write a book for no other reason than to add three or four hundred acres to my magnificent estate† (Jack London Quotes). London’s only true love perhaps, was the wilderness, traveling, and the great outdoors. In his later years he was well traveled, visiting Japan, Canada, Cape Horn, Australia, and even Mexico (David 1). London had nearly completed his dream house on Beauty Ranch when it mysteriously burned down; arson was suspected. From then on London’s health slowly but steadily declined. Jack London died on November 22, 1916 due to Kidney failure (Stern 700). Jack London is often considered the first American author to gain international fame through his fiction works alone. Although a very successful author, even in other countries, London’s books also received harsh criticism. His ideas and concept were said to, lack consistency and precision. He also struggled with other thoughts. He wrote and supported women’s suffrage, yet believed in male dominance. London supported white superiority, yet thought it was shameful that, the reckless white men destroyed the cultures of the natives he had seen while searching for gold (Stasz 1). Despite being known for his novels, London also wrote a few non-fiction books, and many short stories, his most famous being To Build a Fire, inspired by his own adventures in the Yukon (London, Jack). Although London went through many adventures, he did not credit these to his inspiration. When asked where he received his inspiration he answered, â€Å"You can’t wait for inspiration. You have to go after it with a club† (Jack London Quotes). Jack Londons writing’s are some of the most famous works of naturalism of all time. They have been described as, â€Å"works that deal romantically with elemental struggles for survival. He is one of the most extensively translated of American authors† (David 1). Jack London was a go-getter. Although he died at a young age (40), he accomplished much during his lifetime. The proper function of man is to live, not to exist. I shall not waste my days in trying to prolong them. I shall use my time† (Jack London Quotes). London’s success and inspiration for his naturalist style can be accredited to the way in which he was raised, and his experiences during his lifetime. For without these, London would’ve had nothing to write about. Because of the role fate played in his life, London grew to become one of the most successful authors of all time, and his books continue to sell in our modern day and age.

Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 862 Words

The Odyssey is known to be one of the most famous works of literature in history. The protagonist, Odysseus, has gone through many hardships and obstacles to reach his final destination and homeland, Ithaca. Throughout his journey, Odysseus encountered various trials and overcame each one with utmost courage and sportsmanship. One of his most famous encounters is his journey to the Land of the Dead. The most important thing Odysseus learned in this episode is his prophecy from Tiresias, the blind prophet and essential information needed to get home. Odysseus faces many obstacles in this episode, physically and mentally. At this point in the book, he is very confused and clueless as to what he should do next. Circe guides him with specific instructions to find his next step closer to home. To begin with, he must travel to the land of the Cimmerians and dig up a trench as soon as he reaches there and pour an offering to the dead with specific ingredients. He must be careful enough to alert the ghosts and attract them, and at the same time, he must also keep the blood from the pit away from all other â€Å"shades† until he is able to encounter Tiresias. ****INSERT QUOTE HERE. Another obstacle he faces is his encounter with his mother. It is almost a shock for him to see her in the Land of the Dead. He tries to hug his mother three times but he is unable to accept the fact that she is now a ghost and dead. It is a very difficult thing to face people from not only family, but alsoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1202 Words   |  5 Pagescoping with the idea of losing his father and letting others to rule Ithaca. It is noticeable from the beginning of The Odyssey, written by Homer that Telemachus finds himself in a complicated situation where his life is seen to be in danger. He is a character of being distance from people. The idea of Telemachus becoming his own father, threatens suitor’s control in Ithaca. Homer describes Telemachus as a teenager who has not found himself and is on a mission to become an adult as his father. TelemachusRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer1095 Words   |  5 Pagesused in Homer’s Odyssey is the digression. The digression is departure from the main storyline that does not alter the action of the story, but adds a layer of sentimental content to the plot which usually helps underscore themes central to the story. The digressions in the Odyssey are meticulously written with great attention to detail just like the rest of the epic , and they truly help readers grasp the important aspects of the story. The liberal use of digression in the Odyssey helps build a vividRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer2018 Words   |  9 PagesThe Odyssey by Homer is more light in tone than the Iliad, of the same author: The good wins while the evil is punished. Even though the gods are still strict, the relationship between Odysseus and Athena is a more sincere and equal a relationship than between God and Man in the Iliad. Odysseus is distinguished not only by his bravery, but largely by his intellect and cunning. He is the type of resourceful man whom never gives up, thinks of the causes, is reverent and never gives in. The Odyssey isRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey, By Homer915 Words   |  4 PagesThroughout the Odyssey, the hero, Odysseus is portrayed in two different and contradicting lights: the wise hero and the capricious leader blinded by his own pride. The epic writer, Homer, embodies the theme of h ubris throughout Odysseus’ journey home. The idea of hubris, a trait of excessive pride, significantly develops personalities of characters within The Odyssey, and Homer ultimately creates a statement about excessive pride. The dual portrayal of Odysseus leads the reader to ultimatelyRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Odyssey By Homer Essay1479 Words   |  6 Pages The word â€Å"Family†, according to Merriam Webster, is thought to be a group of people brought together by common affiliation. The same cannot be said for the culture in the Odyssey by Homer. In the Odyssey, Odysseus is trying to get back home from fighting in the Trojan War. He has been away from home for almost 20 years longing to just be reunited with his kinfolk. Along the way, he comes across many obstacles that hinders him from reaching his home and family in in Ithaca. Luckily, the memoriesRead MoreAnalysis Of Odyssey By Homer s Odyssey2253 Words   |  10 Pagesand Midwifery Council, 2006). The literature surrounding the subject of mentorship is vast and fails to provide a single definition, however the terms used are often similar. 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For instance, the gods were angered by the disobedience of the mortals, this is more reasonable than the killingRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 795 Words   |  4 Pages Odysseus Epic Hero In the Epic, â€Å"The Odyssey, spoken by Homer, conveys a heroic tale of an epic hero named, Odysseus, who faces many challenges as he sails to get home. One of the tasks Odysseus faces is, The Sirens, who challenge Odysseus s will power. Another challenge Odysseus encounters is, â€Å"The Cyclops, who torments and slaughters some of Odysseus s men due to his curiosity. One of the hardest threats he had to confront was, â€Å"The Land ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey1636 Words   |  7 PagesGreek society, Homer’s The Odyssey provides a detailed insight into the values of this intricate culture. In particular, this epic discusses the ways in which the deathless gods influence the fates of the mortals. The overall impact of the gods’ power is the mental straining that emerges from the unrelenting conflict of man versus immortal. Likewise, the actions and misfortunes of others also catalyze this extremely significant and powerful mental battle. Homerâ€⠄¢s The Odyssey reveals the values of ancientRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s The Odyssey 1128 Words   |  5 Pages The Odyssey shows a lot of different stereotypes for women throughout the book, taking action to get what they want. Odysseus is trying to get back home after ten long years since the fall of troy, and his son is going out to find him. Throughout the book Odysseus meets lots of woman who vary in personality. He meets woman with the stereotypes: â€Å"mantis†- dominant, eats its mate, destroys to gain power, feared by many. â€Å"Damsel in distress†- persecuted maiden, woman placed in a dire predicament requires